1. Relevant Legal Basis
The refugee application process is governed by the Refugee Act and the Immigration Control Act.
(1) Article 5 of the Refugee Act (Application)
A foreigner staying in the Republic of Korea may apply to the Minister of Justice for recognition as a refugee. Even a person undergoing immigration inspection or in detention may apply.
Therefore, even an undocumented or overstaying foreigner may apply for refugee status regardless of their legal stay status. This right is protected under both the 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention and Korean law.
2. Ministry of Justice Guidelines and Actual Practice
(Source: Refugee Affairs Guidelines, Sept. 2022; Seoul Bar Association Refugee Case Manual)
(1) Illegal stayers may apply while âdeportation procedures are suspendedâ
- Once an overstayer files a refugee application, deportation is automatically suspended under Article 46(1)(6) of the Immigration Control Act.
- In effect, the applicantâs stay becomes temporarily legal during the refugee review process.
Refugee applicants are granted a G-1-5 (refugee applicant) residence status under Article 40 of the Refugee Act.
(2) However, a long period of illegal stay weakens âcredibilityâ
- The Ministry of Justice often doubts the genuineness of the application if the applicant overstayed for years to avoid deportation or for economic reasons.
- In particular, if the refugee claim is made 1â2 years or more after entry, it is often rejected as a means to prolong stay rather than a genuine fear of persecution.
3. Case Law and Precedents
(1) Seoul Administrative Court, Case No. 2019GuHapXXXX
A foreigner applied for refugee status 4 years after overstaying. The court held: âThe applicant remained for economic reasons and failed to prove persecution.â â The longer the illegal stay, the lower the credibility of the refugee claim.
(2) Recognized case example
A person who fled political persecution, entered Korea via a third country, and applied for asylum soon after illegal entry. â Refugee status was granted after verifying a real and imminent threat of persecution.
4. Refugee Application Procedure
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| â Application | Submit âRefugee Application Formâ to an Immigration Office |
| â¡ Upon receipt | Deportation is suspended even for illegal stayers |
| ⢠Temporary status | Granted G-1-5 visa (initially 6 months, renewable) |
| ⣠Interview | Conducted by a refugee officer; lawyers/interpreters may attend |
| †Decision | Refugee recognized or denied (appeal or lawsuit possible) |
5. Summary â Can Overstayers Obtain the Refugee (G-1-5) Visa?
| Category | Possibility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Refugee application itself | Possible | Even illegal stayers may apply (Refugee Act, Art. 5) |
| Stay after application | Legalized (G-1-5) | Temporary status granted |
| Over 5 years of overstay | Possible but unfavorable | Credibility questioned |
| Under deportation order | Possible | Deportation automatically suspended upon filing |
| Under criminal sentence | Limited | May apply with correctional facility coordination |
6. Practical Advice from an Administrative Officer
(1) If the illegal stay exceeds 5 years, strong evidence of persecution is essential. Examples include:
- Arrest warrants or threat letters related to political persecution
- Statements from international human rights organizations
- Detailed personal affidavits describing persecution
(2) Economic reasons (poverty, lack of jobs) do not qualify. â The claim must involve persecution based on religion, politics, race, nationality, or membership in a particular social group.
(3) Even while under illegal stay, once refugee status is applied and G-1-5 status is issued:
- Applicants may request work authorization under Article 40(2) of the Refugee Act.
- May access certain healthcare and education services.
7. Summary Table
| Item | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Eligibility to apply | Yes (illegal stayers may apply for asylum) |
| Visa granted | Temporary G-1-5 residence status during review |
| Risk of rejection | High if long-term overstay; credibility doubted |
| Recommended action | Collect strong evidence of persecution; apply with a lawyer or administrative officer |
5ë ê° ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥í ìžêµìžìŽ ë믌ì ì²ì íê±°ë, ë믌ë¹ì륌 ë°ì ì ìëê°?
1. êŽë š ë²ë ¹ 귌거
ë믌 êŽë š ì ì°šë ãë믌ë²ã ë° ãì¶ì êµêŽëЬë²ãì 귌거í©ëë€.
(1) ëë¯Œë² ì 5ì¡° (ì ì²)
ëí믌êµì ì²Žë¥ ì€ìž ìžêµìžì ë²ë¬Žë¶ì¥êŽìê² ë믌ìžì ì ì ì²í ì ìë€. ëš, ì êµì¬ì¬ ì€ ëë ë³Žíž ì€ìž ìžêµìžë ì ì² ê°ë¥íë€.
ìŠ, ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ ì€ìž ìžêµìžìŽëŒë 첎ë¥ì ë¶ê³Œ êŽê³ììŽ ë믌ì ì²ì ê°ë¥í©ëë€. ìŽë êµì ë믌íìœ(1951ë ì ë€ë°íìœ)곌 êµëŽë² 몚ë ëìŒíê² ë³Žì¥í©ëë€.
2. ë²ë¬Žë¶ ì§ì¹šì ë°ë¥ž ì€ì ì²ëЬ ìì¹
(ì¶ì²: ã2022.9. ë믌ì 묎 ì§ì¹šã, ãììžì§ë°©ë³ížì¬í ë믌ì¬ê±Ž ë²ë¥ ì§ì ë§€ëŽìŒã)
(1) ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ìë âê°ì íŽê±°ì ì°š ì ì§â ìíë¡ ì ì² ê°ë¥
- ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ìê° ë믌ì ì²ì í멎, ì¶ì êµêŽëŠ¬ë² ì 46ì¡° ì 1í ì 6ížì ë°ëŒ ê°ì íŽê±° ëª ë ¹ ì§íìŽ ì ì§ë©ëë€.
- ìŠ, ë믌ì¬ì¬ êž°ê° ëìì 첎ë¥ê° í©ë²íëë íšê³Œê° ììµëë€.
ë믌ì ì²ìë ãë믌ë²ã ì 40ì¡°ì ë°ëŒ âë믌ì ì²ìì© ì²Žë¥íê°ìŠ(G-1-5)âì ë°êžë°ìµëë€.
(2) ë€ë§, ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ êž°ê°ìŽ êžžë©Ž âì ë¢°ì± ì¬ì¬âìì ë¶ëЬ
- ë²ë¬Žë¶ë ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ìê° ì¶êµëª ë ¹ì ííŒíê±°ë ìê³ ëª©ì ìŒë¡ 첎ë¥íë€ ë€ëŠê² ë믌ì ì²ì íë 겜ì°, âì ì²ì ì§ì ì±âì ìì¬íë 겜í¥ìŽ ììµëë€.
- í¹í ì êµ í 1~2ë ìŽì 겜곌í ë€ ì ì²í 겜ì°, ë믌ì¬ì (ë°íŽÂ·ìí)ê° ìë 첎ë¥ì°ì¥ ìëšìŒë¡ 볎ì êž°ê°ëë 겜ì°ê° ë§ìµëë€.
3. ì€ì ì¬ë¡ ë° íë¡
(1) ììžíì ë²ì 2019구í©XXXX íê²°
ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ 4ë í ë믌ì ì²ì í ìžêµìžì ëíŽ, âì¥êž°ê° 첎ë¥í ì¬ì ê° ìê³ì ì§ ëª©ì ìŽê³ , 볞êµì ë°íŽ ìŠê±°ê° ë¶ì¡±íë€âë©° êž°ê°. â ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ êž°ê°ìŽ êžžìë¡ ì ì²ì ì ë¹ì±ìŽ ëšìŽì§ë€ë ì ì ëª ì.
(2) ë°ëë¡ ìžì ë ì¬ë¡
볞êµìì ì ì¹ì ìŽì ë¡ ëíŒ í, ì 3êµì ê±°ì³ ì êµ í ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ ìíìì ìŠì ë믌ì ì²ì í ê²œì° â ë°íŽì ì€ì§ ìíìŽ ì ìŠëìŽ ìžì ë ê²œì° ìì.
4. ë믌ì ì² ì ì ì°š
| ì ì°š ëšê³ | ëŽì© |
|---|---|
| â ì ì² | ì¶ì êµÂ·ìžêµìžì²ì 방묞íì¬ âë믌ìžì ì ì²ìâ ì ì¶ |
| â¡ ì ì í ìŠì | ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ìëŒë âê°ì íŽê±°ì ì§â íšë ¥ ë°ì |
| ⢠ìì첎ë¥ì격 ë¶ì¬ | G-1-5 첎ë¥ì격 ë¶ì¬ (ìµìŽ 6ê°ì, ìŽí ì°ì¥ ê°ë¥) |
| ⣠멎ì ì¬ì¬ | ë믌ì¬ì¬êŽ ë©Žì , íìì ë³ížì¬Â·íµììž ì°žì¬ |
| †결ì | ë믌 ìžì ëë ë¶ìžì (ë¶ë³µ ì ìŽìì ì², íì ìì¡ ê°ë¥) |
5. ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ìì ë믌ë¹ì(G-1-5) íì© ì¬ë¶ ììœ
| êµ¬ë¶ | ê°ë¥ ì¬ë¶ | ë¹ê³ |
|---|---|---|
| ë믌ì ì² ì첎 | ê°ë¥ | ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ìëŒë ì ì² ê°ë¥ (ëë¯Œë² ì 5ì¡°) |
| ì ì² ì§í ì²Žë¥ | í©ë²í(G-1-5) | ì¶ì êµìì ìì첎ë¥ì격 ë¶ì¬ |
| 5ë ìŽì ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ì | ê°ë¥íì§ë§ ë¶ëЬ | ì¬ì¬ ì âì ì²ì ì§ì ì±â ìì¬ |
| ê°ì íŽê±° ì€ìž ì | ê°ë¥ | ëš, ì ì² ìŠì íŽê±°ì ì§ íšë ¥ ë°ì |
| íì¬ì²ë² ì€ìž ì | ì íì ê°ë¥ | 구ì ì€ ì ì² ì êµì ìì€ íì¡° íì |
6. íì ì¬ ì€ë¬Ž ì¡°ìž
(1) ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ êž°ê°ìŽ 5ë ìŽììŽëŒë©Ž, ë믌ì¬ì ì ì ë¹ì± ìŠê±° íë³Žê° ì ëì ì ëë€. ì:
- ì ì¹ì íì êŽë š 첎í¬ìì¥, ìí묞ì, ì¬ì§ ë±
- êµì ìžê¶ëšì²Ž ì§ì ì
- 볞êµìì ë°íŽë°ì ì¬ì€ì ëí 구첎ì ì§ì ì
(2) ëšì 겜ì ì ìŽì (ê°ë, ìŒì늬 ìì)ë ìžì ëì§ ììµëë€. â ë°ëì âë°íŽâê° íµì¬ (ì¢ êµ, ì ì¹, ìžì¢ , í¹ì ì¬íì§ëš ë± ì¬ì )
(3) ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ ì€ìŽëŒë ë믌ì ì² í G-1-5 첎ë¥ìê²©ìŽ ë¶ì¬ë멎,
- í©ë²ì ìŒë¡ ìŒí ì ìë âì·šì íëíê°â(ëë¯Œë² ì 40ì¡°ì 2í) ì ì² ê°ë¥
- 볎걎ìë£Â·êµì¡ ë± ìŒë¶ ë³µì§ìë¹ì€ ìŽì© ê°ë¥
7. ê²°ë¡ ììœ
| í목 | ëŽì© |
|---|---|
| ì ì² ê°ë¥ ì¬ë¶ | ê°ë¥ (ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ìë ë믌ì ì² ê°ë¥) |
| ë¹ì ë¶ì¬ | ë믌ì ì² ì G-1-5 ìì첎ë¥ì격 ë¶ì¬ |
| ì¬ì¬ì ë¶ìŽìµ | ë¶ë²ì²Žë¥ êž°ê°ìŽ êžžë©Ž ì§ì ì± ë¶ì¡±ìŒë¡ êž°ê°ë ê°ë¥ì± ëì |
| ê¶ì¥ ì¡°ì¹ | ë믌ì¬ì ì ìŠìë£ í볎, ë³ížì¬ ëë íì ì¬ ëí ì ì² ê¶ì¥ |