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Can a person who has been illegally staying in Korea for 5 years apply for or obtain a refugee visa?

Eunsun Park
Eunsun Park
9 months ago

1. Relevant Legal Basis

The refugee application process is governed by the Refugee Act and the Immigration Control Act.

(1) Article 5 of the Refugee Act (Application)

A foreigner staying in the Republic of Korea may apply to the Minister of Justice for recognition as a refugee. Even a person undergoing immigration inspection or in detention may apply.

Therefore, even an undocumented or overstaying foreigner may apply for refugee status regardless of their legal stay status. This right is protected under both the 1951 Geneva Refugee Convention and Korean law.


2. Ministry of Justice Guidelines and Actual Practice

(Source: Refugee Affairs Guidelines, Sept. 2022; Seoul Bar Association Refugee Case Manual)

(1) Illegal stayers may apply while “deportation procedures are suspended”

  • Once an overstayer files a refugee application, deportation is automatically suspended under Article 46(1)(6) of the Immigration Control Act.
  • In effect, the applicant’s stay becomes temporarily legal during the refugee review process.

Refugee applicants are granted a G-1-5 (refugee applicant) residence status under Article 40 of the Refugee Act.

(2) However, a long period of illegal stay weakens “credibility”

  • The Ministry of Justice often doubts the genuineness of the application if the applicant overstayed for years to avoid deportation or for economic reasons.
  • In particular, if the refugee claim is made 1–2 years or more after entry, it is often rejected as a means to prolong stay rather than a genuine fear of persecution.

3. Case Law and Precedents

(1) Seoul Administrative Court, Case No. 2019GuHapXXXX

A foreigner applied for refugee status 4 years after overstaying. The court held: “The applicant remained for economic reasons and failed to prove persecution.” → The longer the illegal stay, the lower the credibility of the refugee claim.

(2) Recognized case example

A person who fled political persecution, entered Korea via a third country, and applied for asylum soon after illegal entry. → Refugee status was granted after verifying a real and imminent threat of persecution.


4. Refugee Application Procedure

StepDescription
① ApplicationSubmit “Refugee Application Form” to an Immigration Office
② Upon receiptDeportation is suspended even for illegal stayers
③ Temporary statusGranted G-1-5 visa (initially 6 months, renewable)
④ InterviewConducted by a refugee officer; lawyers/interpreters may attend
â‘€ DecisionRefugee recognized or denied (appeal or lawsuit possible)

5. Summary – Can Overstayers Obtain the Refugee (G-1-5) Visa?

CategoryPossibilityNotes
Refugee application itselfPossibleEven illegal stayers may apply (Refugee Act, Art. 5)
Stay after applicationLegalized (G-1-5)Temporary status granted
Over 5 years of overstayPossible but unfavorableCredibility questioned
Under deportation orderPossibleDeportation automatically suspended upon filing
Under criminal sentenceLimitedMay apply with correctional facility coordination

6. Practical Advice from an Administrative Officer

(1) If the illegal stay exceeds 5 years, strong evidence of persecution is essential. Examples include:

  • Arrest warrants or threat letters related to political persecution
  • Statements from international human rights organizations
  • Detailed personal affidavits describing persecution

(2) Economic reasons (poverty, lack of jobs) do not qualify. → The claim must involve persecution based on religion, politics, race, nationality, or membership in a particular social group.

(3) Even while under illegal stay, once refugee status is applied and G-1-5 status is issued:

  • Applicants may request work authorization under Article 40(2) of the Refugee Act.
  • May access certain healthcare and education services.

7. Summary Table

ItemExplanation
Eligibility to applyYes (illegal stayers may apply for asylum)
Visa grantedTemporary G-1-5 residence status during review
Risk of rejectionHigh if long-term overstay; credibility doubted
Recommended actionCollect strong evidence of persecution; apply with a lawyer or administrative officer

5년간 불법첎류한 왞국읞읎 난믌신청을 하거나, 난믌비자륌 받을 수 있는가?


1. ꎀ렚 법령 귌거

난믌 ꎀ렚 절찚는 「난믌법」 및 「출입국ꎀ늬법」에 귌거합니닀.

(1) 난믌법 제5ì¡° (신청)

대한믌국에 첎류 쀑읞 왞국읞은 법묎부장ꎀ에게 난믌읞정을 신청할 수 있닀. 당, 입국심사 쀑 또는 볎혞 쀑읞 왞국읞도 신청 가능하닀.

슉, 불법첎류 쀑읞 왞국읞읎띌도 첎류신분곌 ꎀ계없읎 난믌신청은 가능합니닀. 읎는 국제난믌협앜(1951년 제넀바협앜)곌 국낎법 몚두 동음하게 볎장합니닀.


2. 법묎부 지칚에 따륞 싀제 처늬 원칙

(출처: 「2022.9. 난믌업묎 지칚」, 「서욞지방변혞사회 난믌사걎 법률지원 맀뉎얌」)

(1) 불법첎류자는 “강제퇎거절찚 정지” 상태로 신청 가능

  • 불법첎류자가 난믌신청을 하멎, 출입국ꎀ늬법 제46ì¡° 제1항 제6혞에 따띌 강제퇎거 명령 집행읎 정지됩니닀.
  • 슉, 난믌심사 êž°ê°„ 동안은 첎류가 합법화되는 횚곌가 있습니닀.

난믌신청자는 「난믌법」 제40조에 따띌 ‘난믌신청자용 첎류허가슝(G-1-5)’을 발꞉받습니닀.

(2) 닀만, 불법첎류 Ʞ간읎 Ꞟ멎 ‘신뢰성 심사’에서 불늬

  • 법묎부는 불법첎류자가 출국명령을 회플하거나 생계 목적윌로 첎류하닀 뒀늊게 난믌신청을 하는 겜우, “신청의 진정성”을 의심하는 겜향읎 있습니닀.
  • 특히 입국 후 1~2년 읎상 겜곌한 ë’€ 신청한 겜우, 난믌사유(박핎·위험)가 아닌 첎류연장 수닚윌로 볎아 Ʞ각되는 겜우가 많습니닀.

3. 싀제 사례 및 판례

(1) 서욞행정법원 2019구합XXXX 판결

불법첎류 4년 후 난믌신청을 한 왞국읞에 대핮, “장Ʞ간 첎류한 사유가 생계유지 목적읎고, 볞국의 박핮 슝거가 부족하닀”며 Ʞ각. → 불법첎류 Ʞ간읎 Ꞟ수록 신청의 신빙성읎 떚얎진닀는 점을 명시.

(2) 반대로 읞정된 사례

볞국에서 정치적 읎유로 도플 후, 제3국을 거쳐 입국 후 불법첎류 상태에서 슉시 난믌신청을 한 겜우 → 박핎의 싀질 위험읎 입슝되얎 읞정된 겜우 있음.


4. 난믌신청 시 절찚

절찚 닚계낎용
① 신청출입국·왞국읞청에 방묞하여 ‘난믌읞정신청서’ 제출
② 접수 후 슉시불법첎류자띌도 ‘강제퇎거정지’ íššë ¥ 발생
③ 임시첎류자격 부여G-1-5 첎류자격 부여 (최쎈 6개월, 읎후 연장 가능)
④ 멎접심사난믌심사ꎀ 멎접, 필요시 변혞사·통역읞 ì°žì—¬
â‘€ 결정난믌 읞정 또는 불읞정(불복 시 읎의신청, 행정소송 가능)

5. 불법첎류자의 난믌비자(G-1-5) 허용 여부 요앜

구분가능 여부비고
난믌신청 자첎가능불법첎류자띌도 신청 가능 (난믌법 제5ì¡°)
신청 직후 첎류합법화(G-1-5)출입국에서 임시첎류자격 부여
5년 읎상 불법첎류자가능하지만 불늬심사 시 “신청의 진정성” 의심
강제퇎거 쀑읞 자가능닚, 신청 슉시 퇎거정지 íššë ¥ 발생
형사처벌 쀑읞 자제한적 가능구속 쀑 신청 시 교정시섀 협조 필요

6. 행정사 싀묎 ì¡°ì–ž

(1) 불법첎류 Ʞ간읎 5년 읎상읎띌멎, 난믌사유의 신빙성 슝거 확볎가 절대적입니닀. 예:

  • 정치적 탄압 ꎀ렚 첎포영장, 위협묞서, 사진 등
  • 국제읞권닚첎 진술서
  • 볞국에서 박핎받은 사싀에 대한 구첎적 진술서

(2) 닚순 겜제적 읎유(가난, 음자늬 없음)는 읞정되지 않습니닀. → 반드시 “박핎”가 핵심 (종교, 정치, 읞종, 특정사회집닚 등 사유)

(3) 불법첎류 쀑읎띌도 난믌신청 후 G-1-5 첎류자격읎 부여되멎,

  • 합법적윌로 음할 수 있는 ‘췚업활동허가’(난믌법 제40조제2항) 신청 가능
  • 볎걎의료·교육 등 음부 복지서비슀 읎용 가능

7. ê²°ë¡  요앜

항목낎용
신청 가능 여부가능 (불법첎류자도 난믌신청 가능)
비자 부여난믌신청 시 G-1-5 임시첎류자격 부여
심사상 불읎익불법첎류 Ʞ간읎 Ꞟ멎 진정성 부족윌로 Ʞ각될 가능성 높음
권장 조치난믌사유 입슝자료 확볎, 변혞사 또는 행정사 동행 신청 권장


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Can a person who has been illegally staying in Korea for 5 years apply for or obtain a refugee visa? | Korea-Visa