Who Is Eligible for National Pension in Korea (for Foreigners)?
Under the National Pension Act, foreigners working and residing in Korea are generally required to enroll in the National Pension Scheme, unless exempted by specific conditions.
1. Mandatory Subscribers (Compulsory Enrollment)
Foreigners are mandatorily covered by the National Pension if they meet all the following conditions:
- Aged between 18 and 59
- Reside or stay in Korea with a legal address or residence
- Are employed by a Korean business or earn income in Korea
In this case, they are enrolled as:
- Workplace-based insured persons (employees), or
- Individually insured persons (self-employed or voluntarily enrolled)
This rule applies regardless of nationality, based on the principle of equal treatment.
2. Who Is Exempt (Not Covered)?
Foreigners may be excluded from National Pension in the following cases:
A. Nationals of Non-Reciprocal Countries
- If the foreigner is from a country that does not offer pension coverage to Korean nationals, or
- The country does not have a similar pension system.
Example: Some Middle Eastern or Southeast Asian countries.
B. Countries with Social Security Agreements
- Korea has signed bilateral Social Security Agreements with many countries to avoid dual contributions.
- If a foreign national is temporarily dispatched to Korea for a short period (e.g. less than 5 years), they may continue contributing to their home country system and be exempt from Korean pension.
Example: USA, Canada, Germany, Australia, etc.
3. Voluntary Enrollment (Optional Subscribers)
Even if not required to join, the following foreign residents can voluntarily subscribe:
- Aged 18 to 59
- Residing in Korea with a valid visa
- Willing to contribute to the National Pension Scheme to qualify for future benefits
Notes on Pension Benefits
- If a foreigner contributes for 10 years or more, they may receive a monthly pension upon retirement (at age 60 or later).
- If the contribution period is less than 10 years, they may receive a lump-sum refund (known as a Lump-sum Withdrawal Payment) when leaving Korea.
- Refund eligibility depends on nationality and whether a social security agreement exists between Korea and their country.
How to Enroll
- Employees: Automatically enrolled by their employer.
- Self-employed or voluntary: Must apply directly to the National Pension Service (NPS) in person or online.
์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ ๊ฐ์ ๋์์
๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์์ ๊ทผ๋ก์๋์ด ์๋ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ทผ๋ก์๋ ์์น์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ ๊ฐ์ ๋์์ ๋๋ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค:
1. ์๋ฌด๊ฐ์ ๋์์
์ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋ผ ํ๋๋ผ๋ ๋ค์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ๋ง์กฑํ๋ฉด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ ๊ฐ์ ์ด ์๋ฌด์ ๋๋ค:
- ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ ์๊ฑฐ๋
- ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ ๊ฑฐ์๋ฅผ ๋๊ณ 18์ธ ์ด์ 60์ธ ๋ฏธ๋ง์ธ ์
- ์ฌ์ ์ฅ์ ์์๋์ด ๊ทผ๋ก๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ ์๋์ด ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ
โป ํด๋น ์๊ฑด์ ์ถฉ์กฑํ๋ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ๋ฒ ์ 6์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ 126์กฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฌ์ ์ฅ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋๋ ์ง์ญ๊ฐ์ ์๋ก ์๋ ์ ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
์์ธ: ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ ์ ์ฉ ์ ์ธ ๋์ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ
๋ค๋ง, ๋ค์ ์ค ํ๋์ ํด๋นํ๋ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ ๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ ์ธ๋ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค:
1. ์ํธ์ฃผ์ ์์น ๋ฏธ์ ์ฉ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ
- ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ฌํ๋ณด์ฅํ์ ์ด ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋์ง ์์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ
- ๋๋ ์๊ตญ์์ ํ๊ตญ์ธ์ ์ํ ์ ์ฌํ ์ฐ๊ธ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ด์ํ์ง ์๊ฑฐ๋ ํ๊ตญ์ธ์๊ฒ ์ ์ฉํ์ง ์๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ
์: ์ผ๋ถ ๋๋จ์์์ ๋๋ ์ค๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๋ฑ (๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ณ๋ก ์์ดํ๋ฏ๋ก ํ์ธ ํ์)
2. ์ฌํ๋ณด์ฅํ์ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
- ํ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ด์ค ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์ง ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ๋ฃ ๋ฉด์ ๊ฐ ์ ์ฉ๋๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ
- ์๋ฅผ ๋ค์ด, ํ๊ตญ-๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฌํ๋ณด์ฅํ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ ์๊ฐ ๋จ๊ธฐ ๊ทผ๋ฌด(์: 5๋ ๋ฏธ๋ง) ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฐ๊ธ๋ง ๋ฉ๋ถ ๊ฐ๋ฅ
์์๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์
์๋ฌด๊ฐ์ ์๊ฐ ์๋๋๋ผ๋ ๋ค์ ์๊ฑด์ ๊ฐ์ถ ์ธ๊ตญ์ธ์ ์์๋ก ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค:
- 18์ธ ์ด์ 60์ธ ๋ฏธ๋ง
- ๊ตญ๋ด์ ์ฒด๋ฅํ๋ฉฐ ์๋์ด ์๊ฑฐ๋, ๋ณธ์ธ์ ํฌ๋ง์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ
์ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ ์์ฌํญ
- ๊ฐ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด 10๋ ์ด์์ด๋ฉด ํ๊ตญ ์ฐ๊ธ ์๊ธ๊ถ์ ์ทจ๋ํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์ ์ฐ๋ น ์ดํ ์ฐ๊ธ ์๋ น ๊ฐ๋ฅ
- ๊ฐ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด 10๋ ๋ฏธ๋ง์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ ์ถ๊ตญ ์ ์ผ์๊ธ(๋ฐํ์ผ์๊ธ) ํ๊ธ ๊ฐ๋ฅ
- ๋จ, ๊ตญ์ , ์ฒด๋ฅ์๊ฒฉ, ๊ทผ๋ฌดํํ, ์ฒด๋ฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฑ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์์ธ๊ฐ ๋ง์ผ๋ฏ๋ก ๋ฐ๋์ ์ฌ์ ํ์ธ ํ์
๊ด๋ จ ํ์ ์ ์ฐจ ์๋ด
- ์ฌ์ ์ฅ๊ฐ์ ์๋ ์ฌ์ ์ฃผ๊ฐ ์๋์ผ๋ก ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ณ
- ์ง์ญ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋๋ ์์๊ฐ์ ์๋ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ฐ๊ธ๊ณต๋จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ๋๋ ์จ๋ผ์ธ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ ์ ์ฒญ ๊ฐ๋ฅ